Snorkeling & Diving in Pigeon Island National Park

Pigeon Island National Park, located just off the coast of Nilaveli in eastern Sri Lanka, is one of the country’s most remarkable marine sanctuaries. With vibrant coral reefs, crystal-clear waters, and diverse marine life, this island is a paradise for snorkeling and diving enthusiasts. As one of only two marine national parks in Sri Lanka, Pigeon Island offers an unforgettable experience for travelers seeking both beauty and biodiversity beneath the waves.

Whether you're a beginner snorkeler or a certified diver, this guide provides everything you need to know to plan a responsible and memorable underwater adventure in Pigeon Island.

Understanding Pigeon Island National Park

Location and History

Pigeon Island is situated approximately one kilometer off the coast of Nilaveli, near Trincomalee. It gets its name from the rock pigeons that nest on the island. The park was designated a sanctuary in 1963 and declared a national park in 2003 to protect its fragile marine ecosystems.

Marine Biodiversity

The park is known for its shallow coral reefs, seagrass beds, and a rich variety of marine life. It serves as a breeding ground for reef fish and is frequented by green and hawksbill turtles. Over 100 species of coral and nearly 300 species of reef fish have been recorded in the area.

Snorkeling in Pigeon Island National Park

What Makes It Special

Snorkeling around Pigeon Island is ideal due to its calm, shallow waters and high visibility. The eastern coast of Sri Lanka enjoys relatively undisturbed waters during the dry season, making this one of the top spots for marine exploration.

Key Snorkeling Spots

Coral Garden

The most popular area for snorkelers, the Coral Garden features extensive beds of branching corals, brain corals, and table corals. These formations create a safe habitat for colorful fish such as parrotfish, butterflyfish, and clownfish.

Turtle Cove

Another favorite, Turtle Cove is where snorkelers often spot green turtles gliding peacefully through the water. It’s best visited early in the morning when turtle activity is at its peak.

Tips for Snorkelers

• Wear a rash guard or reef-safe sunscreen to protect against sunburn and avoid damaging coral.
• Use fins to navigate strong currents but avoid standing or kicking against coral.
• Always snorkel with a guide or local expert familiar with the reef layout and safety zones.

Diving in Pigeon Island National Park

Diving Conditions and Depth

The dive sites around Pigeon Island vary in depth from 5 to 20 meters, making them suitable for both beginner and intermediate divers. Water temperatures remain between 27°C and 30°C year-round, with visibility typically ranging from 10 to 30 meters.

Top Dive Sites

Blacktip Reef Site

This site is a highlight for divers hoping to spot blacktip reef sharks, which are often seen patrolling the deeper parts of the reef. Although the sharks are harmless to humans, seeing them up close is a thrilling experience.

Boulder Gardens

This dive site features large rocky outcrops and coral-covered boulders, ideal for macro photography. Look out for nudibranchs, moray eels, and lionfish hidden within the reef’s crevices.

Dive Centers and Operators

Local dive centers in Nilaveli and Trincomalee offer PADI-certified dive tours, gear rental, and safety briefings. It's crucial to choose operators who follow eco-friendly diving practices, such as:

• No-touch policies
• Limiting the number of divers per group
• Supporting coral reef restoration programs

When to Visit

Best Time for Snorkeling and Diving

The ideal time to visit Pigeon Island is between May and September, during the dry season on the east coast. During this period, sea conditions are calm, and visibility is at its best.

Park Opening Hours

Pigeon Island is open from 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM, and visitors are required to pay an entrance fee at the Nilaveli jetty before boarding a boat to the island.

Conservation and Responsible Tourism

Environmental Concerns

While Pigeon Island remains a treasured site, it faces increasing pressure from tourism. Coral breakage, plastic pollution, and overcrowding are major threats to its delicate ecosystem.

How You Can Help

• Book tours with licensed operators who are committed to marine conservation.
• Do not feed or touch marine animals.
• Avoid collecting shells or coral fragments as souvenirs.
• Respect park regulations and leave no trace.

Getting There

How to Reach Pigeon Island

• By Air: The nearest airport is Colombo’s Bandaranaike International Airport. From there, it’s a 6- to 7-hour drive to Nilaveli.
• By Road: Buses and private taxis are available from Colombo to Trincomalee.
• By Boat: Boats to Pigeon Island leave from Nilaveli beach and take about 15 minutes.

Pigeon Island National Park offers one of the most accessible and vibrant underwater experiences in Sri Lanka. Whether you’re gliding over coral gardens with a snorkel or diving alongside reef sharks in deeper waters, the park is a rare gem of marine biodiversity with Hi DMC. However, with this beauty comes responsibility. Practicing mindful tourism ensures that the marine life and corals continue to thrive for future generations. A visit to Pigeon Island is not just a leisure activity—it’s a chance to witness the wonders of the ocean while playing a role in its protection.

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